Research Area Archives - Page 22 of 27

The Striatum Organizes 3D Behavior via Moment-to-Moment Action Selection

Jeffrey E. Markowitz et al.
Cell | May 17, 2018
Many naturalistic behaviors are built from modular components that are expressed sequentially. Although striatal circuits have been implicated in action selection and implementation, the neural mechanisms that compose...

Diametric neural ensemble dynamics in parkinsonian and dyskinetic states

Jones G. Parker et al.
Nature | May 2, 2018
Loss of dopamine in Parkinson’s disease is hypothesized to impede movement by inducing hypo- and hyperactivity in striatal spiny projection neurons (SPNs) of the direct (dSPNs) and indirect (iSPNs) pathways in the...

The Same Hippocampal CA1 Population Simultaneously Codes Temporal Information over Multiple Timescales

William Mau et al.
Current Biology | April 26, 2018
It has long been hypothesized that a primary function of the hippocampus is to discover and exploit temporal relationships between events. Previously, it has been reported that sequences of “time cells” in the...

Encoding of Danger by Parabrachial CGRP Neurons

Carlos A. Campos et al.
Nature | March 21, 2018
Animals must respond to various threats to survive. Neurons that express calcitonin gene-related peptide in the parabrachial nucleus (CGRPPBN neurons) relay sensory signals that contribute to satiation and pain-induced...

Silk Fibroin Films Facilitate Single-Step Targeted Expression of Optogenetic Proteins

Skyler L. Jackman et al.
Cell Reports | March 20, 2018
Optical methods of interrogating neural circuits have emerged as powerful tools for understanding how the brain drives behaviors. Optogenetic proteins are widely used to control neuronal activity, while genetically...

Efficient and accurate extraction of in vivo calcium signals from microendoscopic video data

Pengcheng Zhou et al.
eLife | February 22, 2018
In vivo calcium imaging through microendoscopic lenses enables imaging of previously inaccessible neuronal populations deep within the brains of freely moving animals. However, it is computationally challenging to...

A Hypothalamic Switch for REM and Non-REM Sleep

Kai-Siang Chen et al.
Neuron | February 22, 2018
Rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep are controlled by specific neuronal circuits. Here we show that galanin-expressing GABAergic neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) comprise separate...

Genetically encoded calcium indicator with NTnC-like design and enhanced fluorescence contrast and kinetics

D. A. Doronin et al.
BMC Biotechnology | February 13, 2018
We demonstrate that expanding the family of NTnC-like calcium indicators is a promising strategy for the development of the next generation of GECIs with smaller molecule size and lower Ca2+ ions buffering capacity as...

Fast-Spiking Interneurons Supply Feedforward Control of Bursting, Calcium, and Plasticity for Efficient Learning

Scott F. Owen et al.
Cell | February 8, 2018
Fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) are a prominent class of forebrain GABAergic cells implicated in two seemingly independent network functions: gain control and network plasticity. Little is known, however, about how...

Dopamine neuron activity before action initiation gates and invigorates future movements

Joaquim Alves da Silva et al.
Nature | January 31, 2018
Deciding when and whether to move is critical for survival. Loss of dopamine neurons (DANs) of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in patients with Parkinson’s disease causes deficits in movement initiation and...

Anxiety Cells in a Hippocampal-Hypothalamic Circuit

Jessica C. Jimenez et al.
Neuron | January 31, 2018
The hippocampus is traditionally thought to transmit contextual information to limbic structures where it acquires valence. Using freely moving calcium imaging and optogenetics, we show that while the dorsal CA1...

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