Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder that affects millions worldwide. Elucidating its underlying mechanisms is crucial for developing effective therapeutic interventions. In this editorial, we discuss the potential applications of one-photon miniscopes, which enable minimally invasive, high spatiotemporal resolution fluorescence imaging in freely moving animals. By providing real-time visualization of vascular dynamics and neuronal activity, these cutting-edge techniques can offer unique insights into migraine pathophysiology. We explore the significance of these applications in preclinical research with a case study demonstrating their potential to drive the development of novel therapeutic strategies for effective migraine management.