A study conducted by Bayless et al. explores the neural basis of innate male sexual behavior and its rewarding nature. Using nVista for calcium imaging and fiber photometry, the researchers identified a developmentally wired neural circuit crucial for male mating. This circuit connects chemosensory input to BNSTpr^Tac1 neurons, which in turn connect to POA^Tacr1 neurons projecting to motor control and reward centers. Epistasis experiments confirmed the hierarchical relationship, with BNSTpr^Tac1 neurons upstream of POA^Tacr1 neurons. The release of substance P by BNSTpr^Tac1 neurons upon mate recognition was found to enhance POA^Tacr1 neuron activation through Tacr1, initiating mating behavior. Activation of POA^Tacr1 neurons induced mating even in sexually satiated males and elicited dopamine release, establishing its rewarding nature and prompting self-stimulation. In summary, the study unveils a neural circuit governing multiple facets of innate male sexual behavior, including motor displays, drive, and reward, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes.