Cortex Archives - Page 2 of 5

A neural substrate of sex-dependent modulation of motivation

Julia Cox et al.
Nature Neuroscience | February 16, 2023
While there is emerging evidence of sex differences in decision-making behavior, the neural substrates that underlie such differences remain largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that in mice performing a value-based...

Disruption of hippocampal neuronal circuit function depends upon behavioral state in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

Heng Zhou et al.
Scientific Reports | December 6, 2022
The Alzheimer’s disease-associated peptide amyloid-beta (Aβ) has been associated with neuronal hyperactivity under anesthesia, but clinical trials of anticonvulsants or neural system suppressors have, so far,...

Somatosensory cortical signature of facial nociception and vibrotactile touch–induced analgesia

Jinghao Lu et al.
Science Advances | November 16, 2022
Pain relief by vibrotactile touch is a common human experience. Previous neurophysiological investigations of its underlying mechanism in animals focused on spinal circuits, while human studies suggested the involvement...

Longitudinal Monitoring of Prefrontal Cortical Ensemble Dynamics Reveals New Insights into Stress Habituation

Sachin Patel et al.
Neurobiology of Stress | September 3, 2022
The prefrontal cortex is highly susceptible to the detrimental effects of stress and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of stress-related psychiatric disorders. It is not well understood, however, how stress is...

Ca2+ imaging of self and other in medial prefrontal cortex during social dominance interactions in a tube test

Nuria Garcia-Font et al.
PNAS | July 26, 2022
The study of social dominance interactions between animals offers a window onto the decision-making involved in establishing dominance hierarchies and an opportunity to examine changes in social behavior observed in...

Sound induces analgesia through corticothalamic circuits

Wenjie Zhou et al.
Science | July 7, 2022
Sound—including music and noise—can relieve pain in humans, but the underlying neural mechanisms remain unknown. We discovered that analgesic effects of sound depended on a low (5-decibel) signal-to-noise ratio...

The impact of pitolisant, an H3 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist, on perirhinal cortex activity in individual neuron and neuronal population levels

Kyosuke Hirano et al.
Scientific Reports | May 12, 2022
Histamine is a neurotransmitter that modulates neuronal activity and regulates various brain functions. Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists/inverse agonists enhance its release in most brain regions, including the...

A dentate gyrus-CA3 inhibitory circuit promotes evolution of hippocampal-cortical ensembles during memory consolidation

Hannah Twarkowski et al.
eLife | February 22, 2022
Memories encoded in the dentate gyrus (DG) ‒ CA3 circuit of the hippocampus are routed from CA1 to anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) for consolidation. Although CA1 parvalbumin inhibitory neurons (PV INs) orchestrate...

Bias-free estimation of information content in temporally sparse neuronal activity

Liron Sheintuch et al.
PLOS Computational Biology | February 11, 2022
Applying information theoretic measures to neuronal activity data enables the quantification of neuronal encoding quality. However, when the sample size is limited, a naïve estimation of the information content...

Distinct patterns of abnormal lateral orbitofrontal cortex activity during compulsive grooming and reversal learning normalize after fluoxetine

Elizabeth E. Manning et al.
Biological Psychiatry | November 26, 2021
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) display disrupted performance and abnormal lateral orbitofrontal cortex (LOFC) activity during reversal learning tasks, yet it is unknown whether compulsions and...

Microendoscopic calcium imaging of the primary visual cortex of behaving macaques

Mineki Oguchi et al.
Scientific Reports | August 23, 2021
In vivo calcium imaging with genetically encoded indicators has recently been applied to macaque brains to monitor neural activities from a large population of cells simultaneously. Microendoscopic calcium imaging...

Reverse optogenetics of G protein signaling by zebrafish non-visual opsin Opn7b for synchronization of neuronal networks

Raziye Karapinar et al.
Nature Communications | July 23, 2021
Opn7b is a non-visual G protein-coupled receptor expressed in zebrafish. Here we find that Opn7b expressed in HEK cells constitutively activates the Gi/o pathway and illumination with blue/green light inactivates G...

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